Geography of River Deltas - Formation and Importance

A river delta is a low-lying plain or landform that occurs at the mouth of a river near where it flows into an ocean or another larger body of water. Deltas greatest importance to human activities, fish and wildlife lay in their characteristic highly fertile soil and dense, diverse vegetation. In order to fully appreciate the role deltas play in our larger ecosystem, it is first important to understand rivers. Rivers are defined as bodies of fresh water generally flowing from high elevations toward an ocean, a lake or another river; sometimes, even back into the ground. Most rivers begin at high elevations where snow, rain, and other precipitation run downhill into creeks and small streams. These small waterways flow ever farther downhill, eventually meeting to form rivers. Rivers flow toward oceans or other larger bodies of water, oftentimes combining with other rivers. Deltas exist as the lowest part of these rivers. It is in these deltas where a rivers flow slows and spreads out to create sediment-rich dry areas and biodiverse wetlands. Formation of River Deltas The formation of a river delta is a slow process. As rivers flow toward their outlets from higher elevations, they deposit mud, silt, sand, and gravel particles at the mouths where rivers and larger, more sedentary bodies of water meet. Over time these particles (called sediment or alluvium) build up at the mouth, extending into the ocean or lake. As these areas continue to grow the water becomes shallower and eventually, landforms begin to rise above the surface of the water, typically elevating to just above sea level. As rivers drop enough sediment to create these landforms or areas of raised elevation, the remaining flowing water with the most power sometimes cuts across the land, forming different branches called distributaries. Once formed, deltas are typically made up of three parts: the upper delta plain, the lower delta plain, and the subaqueous delta. The upper delta plain makes up the area nearest to land. It is usually the area with the least water and highest elevation. The lower delta plain is the middle of the delta. It is a transition zone between the dry upper delta and the wet subaqueous delta. The subaqueous delta is the portion of the delta closest to the sea or body of water into which the river flows. This area is usually past the shoreline and it is below water level. Types of River Deltas Despite the generally universal processes by which river deltas are formed and organized, it is important to note that the worlds deltas vary dramatically in structure, composition, and size due to factors such as origin, climate, geology, and tidal processes. These external factors contribute to an impressive diversity of deltas around the world. A deltas characteristics are classified based upon the specific factors contributing to its rivers deposition of sediment -- typically the river itself, waves or tides. The main types of deltas are wave-dominated deltas, tide-dominated deltas, Gilbert deltas, inland deltas, and estuaries. As its name would imply, a wave-dominated delta such as the Mississippi River Delta is created by wave erosion controlling where and how much river sediment remains in a delta once it has been dropped. These deltas are usually shaped like the Greek symbol, delta (∆). Tide-dominated deltas such as the Ganges River Delta are formed by tides. Such deltas are characterized by a dendritic structure (branched, like a tree) due to newly-formed distributaries during times of high water. Gilbert deltas are steeper and formed by deposition of coarse material. While it is possible for them to form in ocean areas, their formations are more commonly seen in mountainous areas where mountain rivers deposit sediment into lakes. Inland deltas are deltas formed in inland areas or valleys where rivers may divide into many branches and rejoin farther downstream. Inland deltas, also called inverted river deltas, normally form on former lake beds. Finally, when a river is located near coasts characterized by large tidal variations, they do not always form a traditional delta. Tidal variation often results in estuaries  or a river that meets the sea, such as Saint Lawrence River in Ontario, Quebec, and New York. Humans and River Deltas River deltas have been important to humans for thousands of years because of their extremely fertile soils. Major ancient civilizations grew along deltas such as those of the Nile and the Tigris-Euphrates rivers, with the inhabitants of these civilizations learning how to live with their natural flooding cycles. Many people believe that the ancient Greek historian Herodotus first coined the term delta nearly 2,500 years ago as many deltas are shaped like the Greek delta (∆) symbol. Deltas remain important to humans even today as, among many other things, a source of sand and gravel. Used in highway, building and infrastructure construction, these highly valuable materials quite literally build our world. Delta land is also important in agricultural use. Witness the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. One of the most agriculturally diverse and productive areas in the state, the region successfully supports numerous crops from kiwi to alfalfa to tangerines. Biodiversity and Importance of River Deltas In addition to (or perhaps in defiance of) these human uses, river deltas boast some of the most biodiverse systems on the planet. As such, it is essential that these unique and beautiful havens of biodiversity remain as healthy habitat for the many species of plants, animals, insects, and fish -- some rare, threatened or endangered -- which call them home. In addition to their biodiversity, deltas and wetlands provide a buffer for hurricanes, as open land often stands to weaken the impact of storms as they travel toward larger, more populated areas. The Mississippi River Delta, for example, buffers the impact of potentially strong hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico.

Common Types Of Primary Bone Cancer - 1737 Words

es. Cancer can begin in any type of bone tissue. Bones are made up of osteoid (hard or compact), cartilaginous (tough, flexible), and fibrous (threadlike) tissue, as well as elements of bone marrow (soft, spongy tissue in the center of most bones). Common types of primary bone cancer include the following: Osteosarcoma, which arises from osteoid tissue in the bone. This tumor occurs most often in the knee and upper arm (1). Chondrosarcoma, which begins in cartilaginous tissue. Cartilage pads the ends of bones and lines the joints. Chondrosarcoma occurs most often in the pelvis (located between the hip bones), upper leg, and shoulder. Sometimes a chondrosarcoma contains cancerous bone cells. In that case, doctors classify the tumor as an†¦show more content†¦A small number of bone cancers are due to heredity. For example, children who have had hereditary retinoblastoma (an uncommon cancer of the eye) are at a higher risk of developing osteosarcoma, particularly if they are treated with radiation. Additionally, people who have hereditary defects of bones and people with metal implants, which doctors sometimes use to repair fractures, are more likely to develop osteosarcoma (4). Ewing sarcoma is not strongly associated with any heredity cancer syndromes, congenital childhood diseases, or previous radiation exposure (2). How often does bone cancer occur? Primary bone cancer is rare. It accounts for much less than 1 percent of all cancers. About 2,300 new cases of primary bone cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year (5). Different types of bone cancer are more likely to occur in certain populations: Osteosarcoma occurs most commonly between ages 10 and 19. However, people over age 40 who have other conditions, such as Paget disease (a benign condition characterized by abnormal development of new bone cells), are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Chondrosarcoma occurs mainly in older adults (over age 40). The risk increases with advancing age. This disease rarely occurs in children and adolescents. ESFTs occur most often in

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1727 Words

The consumption of marijuana has long been outlawed around the world. A taboo in most countries, cannabis is now considered a dangerous drug that can lead to disastrous side effects on the human body. This misconception has led to prohibition on marijuana, thus penalizing its consumption and further spreading the misconceptions around the drug. The controversy here lies in the fact that most negative effects attributed to marijuana are sourced from misconceptions, which are in turn hurting the prospect of medical research on the beneficial, therapeutic attributes of the drug. Yet, an increasing number of studies is proving that marijuana, used for medical purposes yields beneficial results. Acknowledging the fact that marijuana us not as harmful as people assume it to be, and that it has many health and psychological benefits, and that it is a cheap alternative to traditional therapy, I believe that Medical Marijuana should be legalised. Medical Marijuana is not as harmful as most believe to be. However, due to the fact that marijuana has always been shown in a bad light, most would believe the exaggerated claims made on its side effects (Welsh, et.al, 2014). A result of this situation is that a majority believes that marijuana is harmful, and boldly refuse any discussion on the subject. This sentiment has dug itself so deep in the minds of the population that marijuana consumption has become such a taboo subject that even experts and researchers are unable to freelyShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreation al drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?997 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize It: The Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana Should marijuana be legalized? Many Americans have been asked this question or have heard some type of news about the issue. Marijuana is commonly known as cannabis which refers to the dried up hemp plant cannabis sativa, even though marijuana is a plant and has no chemical additives it has been a tropic of controversy for many years but nowadays it is in the spotlight more than ever. For centuries, marijuana has been used by people throughout theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conducted

Knowledge Management and Organisation Learning in Dubai Businesses

Questions: 1. How can HR management systems and practices in (1- Singapore, or 2- Malaysia, or 3- Dubai) businesses be re-designed using KM and OL principles to increase innovation and competitive advantage over the next five years. 2. Discuss this in relation to one or several aspects of HR management including Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development, Performance Management and Rewards, Succession Planning, and Strategic HRM. Answers: 1.0 Abstract Knowledge Management (KM) and Organisational Learning (OL) are important aspects of Human Resource Management that is required to seek competitive and technology advancement in an organisation. The paper has been developed to analyse the current Human Resource Management practices in the businesses in Dubai and identify the ways that can be used to improve the current business scenario by applying the principles of Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning. It can be seen that for more than a century, people have been concentrating on creation, acquisition and communication of knowledge by improving the techniques of utilising knowledge in the field of business (Hislop 2009). It is essential for the management of an organisation in Dubai to implement different tactics and strategies to develop creation, acquisition and communication of knowledge that can provide the firms with a competitive advantage in the market with the help of a well trained and capable workforce (Innoceti , Pilati and Peluso 2010). Hence, the paper will present designs for knowledge management infrastructures to support training of employees in Dubai and discuss different ways that can be used to develop the human resource capital with the help of organisational learning. Furthermore, the paper will examine the techniques of employee training to make them learn the skills of knowledge workers and implement knowledge management principles to improve performance management. This process will be helpful in developing the skills and knowledge of the local people belonging to Dubai. 2.0 Purpose of this Essay The primary purpose of the article is to develop the understanding of knowledge management and organisational learning to implement those principles in improving the Human resource management practices in Dubai. In order to do so, the paper will present the importance of Knowledge Management in HRM practices. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the knowledge management infrastructure elements that are required to improve the HRM practices in Dubais businesses. Hence, the purpose of the essay is to present proper understand of the knowledge management principles and show how these principles can be applied in the real world to improve the HRM practices in Dubais business. Along with that, the paper will also present the challenges and factors that impact the application of knowledge management and organisational learning in Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development, Performance Management and Rewards, Succession Planning, and Strategic HRM. 3.0 Importance of Knowledge Management in HRM Practices Knowledge management is one of the significant tools and techniques that have certainly played a major role in retaining organise and improve existing human resources practices in Dubai. In general, the term human resources management is massively utilised to show a definite description of managing the employees attached to an organisation. The role of HRM is to structure formal system that can efficiently contribute to hiring the best talents for accomplishing the goals and objectives determined by organisational management (Thakkar 2012). On the other hand, knowledge management is a significant part of modern business corporations to share explicit knowledge can resource ensuring intellectual practices for organisational benefits. Meanwhile, knowledge management helps to identify the scopes to enhance the existing business expertise utilising latest technology and knowledge sharing tools to increase the performance and productivity of the organisational subordinates. In modern busi ness MNCs and corporate industries in Dubai, knowledge management has been precisely utilised to identify and leverage specific knowledge in order to be competitive in a market of the industry. A good functioning knowledge management can be identified as one of the effective conscious efforts to enforce right sources of knowledge to the right set of people at an appropriate time. Invariably, the stream of knowledge management will improve organisational learning process to put the strategies into actions for effective outcomes in Dubai businesses. 4.0 Knowledge Management Infrastructure Elements- Fostering Better HRM Practices Ideally, most of the successful management executives have efficiently adopted different sorts of knowledge management resources and attributes to establish business agility, collaboration and sharing knowledge and information significant for man management in Dubai. In order to develop innovative and additional knowledge resources, KM primarily focuses on introducing new infrastructural channels and networks to deliver the better idea of the proceedings (Vanhala and Dietz 2015). By identifying efficient knowledge management components, corporate business organisations in Dubai can develop innovation strategic decision-making, policies and significant HRM practices according to the diverse workforce culture that are present in the UAE. Inevitably, KM is a precise route to establishing a strong and direct connection between the employees and employers creating a high level of intellectual business assets (Wyman and Randel 2008). Most of the successful and modern organisations in Dubai have put the emphasis on employee knowledge based on culture and common sharing methods of the workforce. Invariably, the rapid growth of globalisation has forced the organisational management to set up quality knowledge management standards to foster strategic human resources management practices and policies supportive of significant return. Meanwhile, such decisions of the management have created a competitive position in a significant marketplace in Dubai improvising organisational learning prospects. Herein, it can be seen that KM has raised the standard of collaboration, sharing strategies and co-ordination among the organisational subordinates to enhance favourable organisational framework in Dubai. 5.0 Designing Knowledge Management Infrastructures to Support Training of Employees Technology is the most important factor for proper function of the knowledge management infrastructure. It is the essential element that is required by any organisation in Dubai to improve its knowledge management infrastructure to support the training of employees (Starkey, Brewin and Owen 2016). First of all, Technology in the form of information system can be an effective medium for implementing the knowledge management infrastructures for proper processing of the management functions. Secondly, the need of supportive management with appropriate skills to imply knowledge development among the employees is essential to seek competitive advantage in the market. The infrastructures that support the training of employees with proper processing of knowledge management systems in Dubai businesses are discussed herein below: 5.1 Infrastructures that Support the Transfer of Knowledge The advancement of technology in Dubai presents the development of infrastructures that support the transfer of knowledge. There is a need for an effective medium that can be used to transfer the knowledge of the operations and principal activities of the organisation to the employees to make them aware of the facts that are required in their daily jobs (Jorgensen and Becker 2013). It can be seen that the presence of infrastructures such as groupware, cloud computing and social media supports the transfer of knowledge to support training of the employees in the organisations. Along with that, the contact management software is also the essential infrastructure to support the transfer of knowledge. It helps to store regular data of an interaction between the employee and employer to serve their basic need of knowledge transfer. 5.2 Infrastructures that Support the Representation of Knowledge The knowledge management infrastructures used in the businesses in Dubai needs to be developed to support the representation of knowledge. There is a need for implementing developed technology and new systems to improve the representation of knowledge (Shen 2014). Intranet and databases can be used as an infrastructure to support the representation of knowledge that can be further used in developing the training and development practices in the organisation. 5.3 Infrastructures that Support the Embedding of Knowledge The support systems and team management can be applied to support embedding of knowledge. Knowledge can be embedded by applying analytical skills and technology that can be used to understand the prior knowledge available from the activities of the organisation and develop a new strategy for Knowledge Management (HamdanMohammad 2015). The business organisations in Dubai need to implement the infrastructures of enhanced networking with the organisational community to support the embedding of knowledge. 5.4 Infrastructures that Support the Facilitation of Knowledge The application of innovative technology can be supportive in facilitating the knowledge management in the organisation in Dubai. A better knowledge management strategy can be utilised to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the training and development programs (Simonin and zsomer 2009). On the other hand, the use of knowledge transfer and representation infrastructure along with innovative ideas using new knowledge database can be a way of facilitating knowledge. 6.0 Training Employees to Learn the Skills of Knowledge Workers In order to manage Organisational Learning (OL) and Knowledge Management (KM), training and development programmes can be identified as the best approach to improve the skills and techniques of workers. It is the most suitable method of implementing knowledge management in the businesses of Dubai. Human resource management of any organisation can hire most suitable talents from the talent pool available in the Dubai labour market (McCarthy and Dunne 2013). But, specific training and development programmes can be ideally utilised to increase the morale and confidence of the new as well as low productive organisational subordinates. Adequate training and learning sessions can effectively make out the existing deficits in knowledge management that can be evident in Dubai market. Direct participation of the employees in training and development programme can create cognitive performance level to achieve the organisational goals and objectives (Evans and Lindsay 2012). Modern information technology and internet facilities can be utilised to train the human resources at a single session. Precisely, it would be the responsibility of the senior organisational expertise to share their practical knowledge and views so that new recruits or talents in Dubai can gasp the instructional design more easily (Rasouli, et al. 2013). In addition to that, unskilled workers of production line must be placed in front of the professional expertise to get more subsequent knowledge so that their abilities at the workplace can be improved at the highest level. Also, training and development programme can improve the teamwork and high-level of management skills to cope up with unpredictable challenges in HRM that are faced by the businesses in Dubai. 7.0 Developing human capital in a Learning Organization The scale of present social and economic change with the process of globalisation has led to the rapid transition of the knowledge-based society in the UAE. The demographic pressure resulting from the ageing population in the Gulf countries has emerged to be challenges that require new approaches to training and education within the framework of human resource development and organisation learning. It can be seen that the changing business environment has made it mandatory for all employees in Dubai to embrace the idea of learning. The major goal of learning organisation is to master their employees in the field of knowledge, behaviours and skills by improving the human resources development programs and applying new strategies in the day to day activities (Lopez-Cabrales, Prez-Luo and Cabrera 2009). The human capital in Dubai can be developed by applying improved strategy of training and development which is the most effective approach of leading the workforce towards a better futur e. Learning organisation is a way of implementing learning activities wholly at the organisational level (Jorgensen, Becker and Matthews 2011). Hence, the human capital being the key success factor for the business in Dubai can be developed by changing the learning techniques in the companies. The learning organisations must have certain key features such as knowledge generation and sharing, continuous learning and improvement programs, systematic changes, proper learning cultures, valuing of employees, and encouragement of experimentation and flexibility. The key features of learning organisations helps to have a developed workforce which is capable and suitable for meeting the present and future challenges in the overwhelming competitive market in Dubai. 8.0 Knowledge Management to Guide Processes of Strategic Human Resource Management Knowledge management has been identified as an important aspect of strategic human resource management. It is a way of transferring knowledge from a person who has it to an individual who needs it. In other words, it is a guided process of training an individual and developing their knowledge on a particular subject that is required in their daily life (Donley, Chan and Webber 2011). According to a survey report, it has been found that the local people of Dubai lack proper knowledge that leads to skills gaps among the young generation people. On the other hand, it can be seen that businesses have employed more expats that lead to the transfer of knowledge to other countries. Hence, to improve the current workforce in Dubai, the organisations needs to implement changes in the strategic human resource management systems by implementing new policies and procedures that imply knowledge management to guide the process of skill development among the local people ((Lertxundi 2008). It will not only strengthen the knowledge and skills of the local populations, but also provide different business organisations with competitive advantage in the market. 9.0 Knowledge Management to Improve Performance Management By understanding the global business model of corporate business organisations, knowledge management is one of the most vital parameters to enhance the performance management (Krausert 2013). In the perspective of Dubais current business situation, it will be critically evident to understand how significant KM can create a standard impact of performance management of the organisational employees. 9.1 Knowledge Management Projects to Aid Performance In order to improve aid performance, modern business corporations in Dubai have identified systematic management tools and effective methods to maintain disciplined knowledge management programmes specific for competitiveness, acquisition, business mergers and collaborations. Basically, knowledge management projects have delivered effective practices within the workforce so that organisational subordinates can produce intellectual performance and work disciplines significant for professional point of view (Riby, Perfect and Stollery 2014). In terms of basic skill improvements of modern management executives, employers in Dubai have promoted high importance on KM projects so that organisational managers can possess significant knowledge and decision-making ability. Also, knowledge management projects have been taken into consideration to improve the technological facilities more fluently. By identifying the need for practical knowledge, significant KM programmes have been implemented within the organisational culture to transfer the expertises knowledge to the rest of the human resources for higher productivity and performance in Dubai businesses. 9.2 Creation of a Knowledge Portal to Aid Performance Creation of a knowledge portal can be termed as one of the most innovative management concepts to aid performance. Global corporate business giants in Dubai have effectively created collective knowledge portals for better knowledge sharing. Efficient knowledge portals empower relevant information to the employees so that they can document significant knowledge to aid performance (Rasouli, et al. 2013). Large service corporations purchase efficient information systems to design knowledge portals suitable for transfer of knowledge from the expertise to the rest of the organisational subordinates (Theriou and Chatzoglou 2008). Also, cognitive task analysis has been utilised in knowledge portal system development to aid performance. In this way, sustainable flow of knowledge can be continued among the organisational members in Dubai. 9.3 Cognitive Task Analysis Its Contribution to New Knowledge in Organizations to Aid Performance Cognitive task analysis includes task diagram, concept mapping and team knowledge audit. First of all, in order to set up new and innovative knowledge management system in Dubais businesses, the task diagram helps to collect all relevant information and accurate measures of the employees and employers to deliver significant communication system effective for decision making (Amir and Parvar 2014). In concept mapping, the practical resources have been identified and implemented to know how the system works in an effective way. At the decisive stage of cognitive task analysis, team members and individual experts need to deliver macro-cognitive functions supportive for knowledge distribution. The structure of the system has been the key to success in cognitive task analysis. 10.0 Conclusion Conclusively, it can be determined that Organisational Learning (OL) and Knowledge Management (KM) are two significant elements to enhance organisational knowledge and competitive strategy resulting in better performance and productivity in Dubais business organisations. Organisational learning precisely identifies the organisational characteristics to invent significant ideas for managing the human resources in a more productive way. Also, the knowledge management increases the standard of strategic decision-making to promote effective learning process of the subordinates. Invariably, in the upcoming five years or so, Dubais business industry can be completely redesigned using KM and OL principles to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Primarily, the two key elements can convert the conventional HRM practices and systems to put the best ideas and strategic concepts into actions. 11.0 References Amir, R. and J. Parvar. "Harnessing Knowledge Management To Improve Organisational Performance".International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance(2014): 31-38. Donley, Mandy, Jeffrey Chan, and Lynne Webber. "Disability Support Workers Knowledge And Education Needs About Psychotropic Medication".Br J Learn Disabil40, no. 4 (2011): 286-291. Evans, James R and William M Lindsay.The Management And Control Of Quality. Australia: South-Western, 2012. HamdanMohammad, Adel. "Innovative Guidelines To Enrich Knowledge Management And Improve Organization Performance".International Journal of Computer Applications110, no. 9 (2015): 4-8. 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"Transfer Of HRM Practices To Subsidiaries: Importance Of The Efficiency Of The HRM System".Mgt Res: J of Iberoamer Ac Mgt6, no. 1 (2008): 63-73. Lopez-Cabrales, Alvaro, Ana Prez-Luo, and Ramn Valle Cabrera. "Knowledge As A Mediator Between HRM Practices And Innovative Activity".Human Resource Management48, no. 4 (2009): 485-503. McCarthy, John C. and Elizabeth A. Dunne. "A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Role Of Task-Specific Knowledge In The Subjective Impact And Structure Of Performance".Applied Cognitive Psychology7, no. 5 (2013): 397-417. Rasouli, Reza, Alireza Mooghali, Mohammad Mousavi, and Mehdi Rashidi. "Designing And Explaining The Model Of Knowledge Workers Retention With Emphasis On HRM Practices".Management Science Letters3, no. 4 (2013): 1145-1154. Riby, Leigh, Timothy Perfect, and Brian Stollery. "The Effects Of Age And Task Domain On Dual Task Performance: A Meta-Analysis".European Journal of Cognitive Psychology16, no. 6 (2014): 863-891. Shen, Lisa. "Reference Desk Employees Need Both Research Knowledge And Technical Skills For Successful Reference Transactions".Evidence Based Library and Information Practice9, no. 4 (2014): 55. Simonin, Bernard L. and Aysegl zsomer. "Knowledge Processes And Learning Outcomes In Mncs: An Empirical Investigation Of The Role Of HRM Practices In Foreign Subsidiaries".Human Resource Management48, no. 4 (2009): 505-530. Starkey, Michael, Roger Brewin, and Mal Owen. "Learning To Learn   From Facts To Knowledge".Training for Quality4, no. 4 (2016): 6-11. Thakkar, Dr. Mehul G. "Fostering Better QWL: New Mantra For Corporate Success".IJSR2, no. 5 (2012): 467-469. Theriou, Georgios N. and Prodromos D. Chatzoglou. "Enhancing Performance Through Best HRM Practices, Organizational Learning And Knowledge Management".European Business Review20, no. 3 (2008): 185-207. Vanhala, Mika and Graham Dietz. "HRM, Trust In Employer And Organizational Performance".Know. Process Mgmt.22, no. 4 (2015): 270-287. Wyman, Barbara G. and Josephine M. Randel. "The Relation Of Knowledge Organization To Performance Of A Complex Cognitive Task".Applied Cognitive Psychology12, no. 3 (2008): 251-264.